Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.9

PLATES:B/SB 162
WELDED PIPES:B 725 - B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 161
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPN

VdTÜV
–

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 162
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:380
Yield Point min N/mm2:100
Elongation 2” min %:40
Hardness max HB **:140
Hardness max HRB **:80
C % max:0.15
Mn % max:0.35
Si % max:0.35
P % max:-
S % max:0.01
Cr %:-
Ni %:99.0 min
Mo %:-
Fe %:0.40 max
Cu % max:0.25
Al % max:-
Co % max:-
Other elements:-

Properties and main applications

*It is 99.6% pure nickel, one of the toughest metals. The Nickel 200's characteristics include excellent mechanical properties, high thermal and electrical conductivity. These properties and its chemical composition make Nickel 200 highly resistant to corrosive environment below approximately 320°C (600º F), because long-time exposures in the 430 to 650°C (800 to 1200°F) range result in precipitation of a carbon containing phase and loss of ductility. It is highly resistant to corrosion by neutral or alkaline salt solutions and by neutral or distilled water. Shows good corrosion resistance under moderately reducing conditions. Shows good stability under oxidizing conditions (by creating a surface protection film). * Food production (handling of cooling brines, fatty, acids and fruit juices, salt solutions), vessels in which fluorine is generated and reacted with hydrocarbons, storing and transportation of phenol, manufacture and handling of sodium hydroxide, production of viscose rayon and manufacture of soap, production of hydrochloric acid and chlorination of hydrocarbons such as benzene, methane and ethane, manufacture of vinyl chloride.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.9

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 162
TUBI SALDATI:B 725 – B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 161
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPNL

VdTÜV
345

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 162
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:345
Yield Point min N/mm2:80
Elongation 2” min %:40
Hardness max HB **:135
Hardness max HRB **:75
C % max:0.02
Mn % max:0.35
Si % max:0.35
P % max:-
S % max:0.01
Cr %:-
Ni %:99.0 min
Mo %:-
Fe %:0.40 max
Cu % max:0.25
Al % max:-
Co % max:-
Other elements:-

Properties and main applications

* It is the low-carbon version of Nickel 200. The Nickel 201’s has the same characteristics as the Nickel 200 but shows better corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures above 300 °C (570 °F) by avoiding graphite precipitation. It is highly resistant to corrosion by neutral and alkaline salt solutions, fluorine and chlorine. Nickel 201 also has low corrosion rates in neutral and distilled water. Typically, the elemental restrictions of both, nickel 200 and nickel 201, are combined into one, dual-certified chemistry resulting in a single alloy with the desired characteristics of both alloys, Nickel 200/201. * Chemical industry, production of caustic soda solution, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, food industry.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.9

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 127
WELDED PIPES:B 725 - B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 165
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPNC

VdTÜV
263

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 127
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:485
Yield Point min N/mm2:195
Elongation 2” min %:35
Hardness max HB **:140
Hardness max HRB **:80
C % max:0.30
Mn % max:2
Si % max:0.50
P % max:-
S % max:0.024
Cr %:-
Ni %:63 min
Mo %:-
Fe %:2.50 max
Cu % max:28 – 34
Al % max:-
Co % max:-
Other elements:-

Properties and main applications

* It is a nickel-copper alloy with resistance to a variety of corrosive conditions. It is widely used in marine applications because of its low corrosion rate in flowing seawater and excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking in most freshwaters. The alloy is used in the chemical industry refinery in temperatures up to 540 °C (1000 ºF) and at subzero temperatures. This nickel alloy is particularly resistant to caustic solutions, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids when they are de-aerated. As would be expected from its high copper content, alloy 400 is rapidly attacked by nitric acid and ammonia systems. * Feed-water and steam generator tubing in power plants, brine heaters and evaporator bodies in seawater, desalination plants, sulphuric and hydrofluoric acid alkylation plants, industrial heat exchangers, cladding for crude oil, distillation columns, splash-zone sheathing in offshore structures, propeller and pump shafts for seawater service, plants for uranium refining and isotope separation in the production of nuclear fuel, pumps and valves used in the manufacture of chlorinated hydrocarbons, monoethanolamine (MEA) reboiler tubes, sour gas environment.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.4

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 168
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 517 – B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 167
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPNCI

VdTÜV
305

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 168
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:550
Yield Point min N/mm2:240
Elongation 2” min %:30
Hardness max HB **:180
Hardness max HRB **:90
C % max:0.15
Mn % max:1
Si % max:0.50
P % max:-
S % max:0.015
Cr %:14 – 17
Ni %:72 min
Mo %:-
Fe %:6 – 10
Cu % max:0.50
Al % max:-
Co % max:-
Other elements:-

Properties and main applications

* It is a nickel-chromium alloy used for applications that require corrosion and high temperature resistance. This nickel alloy was designed for service temperatures from cryogenic to elevated temperatures above 700 °C (1290 °F). It is non-magnetic, has excellent mechanical properties. The high nickel content in alloy 600, enables it to retain considerable resistance under reducing conditions, makes it resistant to corrosion by a number of organic and inorganic compounds, gives it excellent resistance to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking and also provides excellent resistance to alkaline solutions. * Chemical and petrochemical plants, catalysis generators, pulp and paper industry, aerospace and nuclear engineering, furnace components and heat-treating baskets and trays.

Note

** Indicative values, not to be used as acceptance criteria.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.1

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 168
WELDED PIPES:B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 167
FITTINGS:-

VdTÜV
–

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 168
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:550
Yield Point min N/mm2:205
Elongation 2” min %:30
Hardness max HB **:180
Hardness max HRB **:90
C % max:0.10
Mn % max:1
Si % max:0.50
P % max:-
S % max:0.015
Cr %:21 – 25
Ni %:58 – 63
Mo %:-
Fe %:Resto Balance
Cu % max:1.00
Al % max:-
Co % max:1 – 1.7
Other elements:-

Properties and main applications

* It is a nickel-chromium alloy used for applications that require corrosion and high temperature resistance. As compared to alloy 600, the alloy 601 has, in addition to increased chromium, an aluminium content which together provide outstanding resistance to oxidation through 1200°C (2200°F). Alloy 601 develops a tightly adherent oxide scale which resists spalling even under conditions of severe thermal cycling. This nickel alloy has good high temperature strength and retains its ductility after long service exposure. In addition it has good resistance to environments containing carbon and sulphur and this alloy also resists aqueous corrosion. * Chemical and petrochemical plants, pollution control, aerospace and power generation, furnace components and heat-treating baskets and trays.

Note

** Indicative values, not to be used as acceptance criteria.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:7.9

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 168
WELDED PIPES:B 546
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB167
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPV602

VdTÜV
540

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 168
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:680
Yield Point min N/mm2:270
Elongation 2” min %:30
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:-
C % max:0.15 – 0.25
Mn % max:0.15
Si % max:0.5
P % max:0.02
S % max:0.01
Cr %:24 – 26
Ni %:Resto Balance
Mo %:-
Fe %:8-11
Cu % max:0.1
Al % max:-
Co % max:1.8 – 2.4
Other elements:Ti 0.1-0.2 / Zr 0.01-0.1 / Y 0.05-0.12

Properties and main applications

* Alloy 602 CA is a high-carbon nickel-chromium-iron alloy with additions of the micro-alloying elements titanium and zirconium together with aluminium and yttrium. It exhibits excellent creep properties and resistance to oxidation at higher temperatures, even under cyclic conditions. It also possesses very good high temperature corrosion resistance in carburizing and oxidizing/chlorinating media. It is approved for pressure vessels with service temperatures up to 1150°C (2100 °F). * Environmental technology, chemical industry, flue gas desulphurating plants, waste incineration plants.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.4

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 168
WELDED PIPES:B 546
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 167
FITTINGS:-

VdTÜV
485

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 168
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:655
Yield Point min N/mm2:240
Elongation 2” min %:35
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:-
C % max:0.05 – 0.15
Mn % max:1
Si % max:1
P % max:-
S % max:0.015
Cr %:20 – 24
Ni %:44.5 min
Mo %:8 – 10
Fe %:3 max
Cu % max:0.5
Al % max:10 – 15
Co % max:0.8 – 1.5
Other elements:Ti 0.6 max / B 0.006 max

Properties and main applications

* It is a nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy with an exceptional combination of high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance up to 1100°C (2000°F). The high nickel and chromium contents make the alloy resistant to a variety of both reducing and oxidizing media. The aluminium, in conjunction with the chromium, provides oxidation resistance at high temperatures. * Components for gas turbines (ducting, combustion cans and transition, rings), components for furnace (muffles, radiant heater tubes, heat-treating baskets), heat exchangers, components of power-generating plants fossil fueled or nuclear (heat exchangers for high temperature gascooled reactors

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.5

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 443
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 705 – B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 444
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPNCMC

VdTÜV
499

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 443
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:758 ***
Yield Point min N/mm2:379 ***
Elongation 2” min %:30
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:-
C % max:0.10
Mn % max:0.5
Si % max:0.50
P % max:0.015
S % max:0.015
Cr %:20 – 23
Ni %:58 min
Mo %:8 – 10
Fe %:5.0 max
Cu % max:-
Al % max:1.0
Co % max:0.40
Other elements:Ti 0.4 / Cb+Ta 3.15-4.15

Properties and main applications

* It is a corrosion and oxidation resistant nickel-base superalloy, that is used both for its high strength and outstanding aqueous corrosion resistance. It has high strength and toughness in the temperature range cryogenic to 1100 °C (2000 °F) which is derived largely from the solid solution effects of the refractory metals, columbium (niobium) and molybdenum, in a nickel-chromium matrix. Although the alloy was developed for high temperature strength, its highly alloyed composition provides a high level of general corrosion resistance to a wide range of oxidizing and non-oxidizing environments. The levels of chromium and molybdenum provide excellent resistance to chloride-ion pitting and the high level of nickel provides resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking. * Chemical processing, production of phosphate acid, flue gas desulphurating plants, waste incineration plants, pollution-control equipment, nuclear reactors, heat shields, furnace components, gas turbine engine ducting, aerospace and marine engineering, special seawater applications.

Note

** Indicative values, not to be used as acceptance criteria.

*** Values referred to grade 1. For grade 2: T.S.min = 690, Y.P.min = 276

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:A/SA 240B/SB 409
TUBI SALDATI:A/SA 358 – B/SB 514
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 407
RACCORDI:A/SA 403 – B/SB 366WPNIC10

VdTÜV
412

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:A/SA 240
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:520
Yield Point min N/mm2:205
Elongation 2” min %:30
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:-
C % max:0.10
Mn % max:1.5
Si % max:1.00
P % max:0.045
S % max:0.015
Cr %:19 – 23
Ni %:30 – 35
Mo %:-
Fe %:39.5 min
Cu % max:0.75
Al % max:
Co % max:0.15 – 0.6
Other elements:Ti 0.15-0.6

Properties and main applications

*Alloy 800, 800H and 800HT are three variants of nickeliron- chromium alloys designed to resist in long-term applications at high temperatures. Alloy 800 was the first of these alloys and it is employed at temperature below 600°C (1110°F). * Nuclear engineering, chemical, pharmaceutical, food, agriculture, petrochemical engineering (reformers, thermal and catalytic crackers, internal components for secondary reformers), convection section for ethylen crackers and pyrolysis furnace, piping, mechanical engineering, furnace components (radiant tubes, muffles, baskets).

Note

** Indicative values, not to be used as acceptance criteria.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:A/SA 240B/SB 409
TUBI SALDATI:A/SA 358 – B/SB 514
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 407
RACCORDI:A/SA 403 – B/SB 366WPNIC10

VdTÜV
412-434

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:A/SA 240 – B/SB 409
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:450
Yield Point min N/mm2:170
Elongation 2” min %:30
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:-
C % max:0.05 – 0.1
Mn % max:1.5
Si % max:1.00
P % max:0.045
S % max:0.015
Cr %:19 – 23
Ni %:30 – 35
Mo %:-
Fe %:39.5 min
Cu % max:0.75
Al % max:-
Co % max:0.15 – 0.6
Other elements:Ti 0.15-0.6

Properties and main applications

*Alloy 800 was slightly modified into Alloy 800H with higher level of carbon to optimize stress rupture properties. Alloy 800H is normally used in the range of 600-700°C (1110- 1290° F) where resistance to creep and rupture is required, without loss of ductility. It has good resistance to reducing or oxidising atmospheres and to atmospheres which alternate between reducing and oxidising conditions. The general corrosion resistance is excellent. * Nuclear engineering, chemical, pharmaceutical, food, agriculture, petrochemical engineering (reformers, thermal and catalytic crackers, internal components for secondary reformers), convection section for ethylen crackers and pyrolysis furnace, piping, mechanical engineering, furnace components (radiant tubes, muffles, baskets).

Note

* VdTÜV 412/434

*** Values referred to grade 1. For grade 2: T.S.min = 690, Y.P.min = 276

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:A/SA 240B/SB 409
WELDED PIPES:-
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 407
RACCORDI:A/SA 403 – B/SB 366WPNIC11

VdTÜV
–

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

RReference:A/SA 240 – B/SB 409
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:450
Yield Point min N/mm2:170
Elongation 2” min %:30
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:-
C % max:0.06 – 0.1
Mn % max:1.5
Si % max:1.00
P % max:0.40
S % max:0.015
Cr %:19 – 23
Ni %:30 – 35
Mo %:-
Fe %:39.5 min
Cu % max:0.75
Al % max:-
Co % max:0.15 – 0.6
Other elements:Ti 0.15-0.6 / Al+Ti 0.85-1.2

Properties and main applications

* This nickel steel alloys is identical to 800H except for the addition of up to 1.20 percent aluminium and titanium, to ensure optimum high temperature properties. Normally used in temperatures above 700 °C (1290 °F), alloy 800HT will not become embrittled even after long periods of usage up to 870°C (1600° F) where many stainless steels become brittle. The nickel content makes the alloys highly resistant to both chloride stress-corrosion cracking and to embrittlement from precipitation of sigma phase. The nickel alloy is dual certified (800H/HT) and combines the properties of both forms. * Same applications of alloy 800H.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.1

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 424
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 705 – B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 423
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPNICMC

VdTÜV
432

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 424
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:586
Yield Point min N/mm2:241
Elongation 2” min %:30
Hardness max HB **:165
Hardness max HRB **:87
C % max:0.05
Mn % max:1
Si % max:0.50
P % max:-
S % max:0.03
Cr %:19.5 – 23.5
Ni %:38 – 46
Mo %:2.5 – 3.5
Fe %:22 min
Cu % max:1.5 – 3
Al % max:-
Co % max:0.2
Other elements:Ti 0.6-1.2

Properties and main applications

* It is a titanium-stabilized fully austenitic nickel-ironchromium alloy with additions of copper and molybdenum. The chemical composition provides excellent resistance to both reducing and oxidizing acids, to stress-corrosion cracking, and to localized attack such as pitting and crevice corrosion. Alloy 825 has good mechanical properties from moderately to approximately 550°C (1020 °F). It is similar to alloy 800 but has improved resistance to aqueous corrosion. It is especially resistant to sulphuric and phosphoric acids. * Chemical processing, phosphoric acid plants, sulphuric acid plants, oil and gas well piping, nuclear fuel reprocessing, pickling equipment, offshore, heat exchangers

Main reference standards

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 463
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 464 – B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 729
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WP20CB

VdTÜV
–

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 463
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:551
Yield Point min N/mm2:241
Elongation 2” min %:30
Hardness max HB **:217
Hardness max HRB **:95
C % max:0.07
Mn % max:2
Si % max:1.00
P % max:0.045
S % max:0.035
Cr %:19 – 21
Ni %:32 – 38
Mo %:2 – 3
Fe %:Resto Balance
Cu % max:3 – 4
Al % max:
Co % max:
Other elements:Co+Ta (8XC)-1.00

Properties and main applications

* There has long been a debate on whether alloy 20 is a stainless steel or a nickel alloy because the nickel content is right on the border of defining it as one way or the other. Alloy 20 is a nickel-iron-chromium austenitic alloy that was developed for maximum resistance to acid attack, specifically sulphuric acid. This superalloy has excellent resistance to general corrosion, pitting and crevice corrosion in chemicals containing sulphuric, phosphoric and nitric acids in chloric media. It also contains niobium for stabilization against sensitization and resultant intergranular corrosion. It shows good mechanical properties at both ambient and elevated temperatures, up to approximately 500°C (930 °F). * Chemical, food, pharmaceutical and plastics industries. Heat exchangers, mixing tanks, metal cleaning and pickling equipment and piping.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:9.2

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 333
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 619 – B/SB 626B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 622
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPHB-3

VdTÜV
517

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 333
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:760
Yield Point min N/mm2:350
Elongation 2” min %:40
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:100
C % max:0.01
Mn % max:3
Si % max:0.10
P % max:0.03
S % max:0.01
Cr %:1 – 3
Ni %:65 min
Mo %:27 – 32
Fe %:1 – 3
Cu % max:0.2
Al % max:3
Co % max:0.5
Other elements:Ti 0.2 / W 3 / Zn 0.1 / Nb 0.2 / Co 3/ Al 0.5 / Ta 0.2 / V 0.2

Properties and main applications

* It is a nickel-molybdenum alloy with excellent resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures. It also withstands sulphuric, acetic, formic and phosphoric acids, and other nonoxidizing media. Alloy B3 has a special chemistry designed to achieve a level of thermal stability greatly superior to that of its predecessors, e.g. Alloy B2. Alloy B3 has excellent resistance to pitting corrosion, to stress-corrosion cracking and heat-affected zone attack. Alloy B-3 has poor corrosion resistance to oxidizing environments, therefore, it is not recommended for use in oxidizing media or in the presence of ferric or cupric salts because they may cause rapid premature corrosion failure. These salts may develop when hydrochloric acid comes in contact with iron and copper. Therefore, if this nickel steel alloy is used in conjunction with iron or copper piping in a system containing hydrochloric acid, the presence of these salts could cause the alloy to fail prematurely. * Plants for the production and processing of hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic and phosphoric acids, plants for ethylbenzene production, pressure vessels for chloroprene production, plants for the production of phenol from isopropyl benzene, pyrolysis plants for the production of acetic anhydride.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:9.2

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 333
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 619 – B/SB 626
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 622
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPVB4

VdTÜV
512

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 333
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:760
Yield Point min N/mm2:350
Elongation 2” min %:40
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:100
C % max:0.01
Mn % max:1.5
Si % max:0.05
P % max:0.04
S % max:0.01
Cr %:0.5 – 1.5
Ni %:Resto Balance
Mo %:26 – 30
Fe %:1 – 6
Cu % max:0.5
Al % max:2.5
Co % max:0.1 – 0.5
Other elements:-

Properties and main applications

* This nickel molybdenum alloy has good stability against intergranular corrosion. It shows very high resistance against reductive media such as hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid over broad concentration and temperature ranges. Good against stress corrosion (also chlorine-induced) and intercrystalline corrosion. * Chemical industry, acetic acid, hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, production of phenol and styrene plants.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.9

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 575
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 619 – B/SB 626B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 622
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPHC276

VdTÜV
400

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 575
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:690
Yield Point min N/mm2:283
Elongation 2” min %:40
Hardness max HB **:226
Hardness max HRB **:100
C % max:0.01
Mn % max:1
Si % max:0.08
P % max:0.04
S % max:0.03
Cr %:14.5 – 16.5
Ni %:Resto Balance
Mo %:15 – 17
Fe %:4 – 7
Cu % max:-
Al % max:2.5
Co % max:-
Other elements:W 3-4.5 / V 0.35

Properties and main applications

* Alloy C276 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with an addition of tungsten designed to have excellent corrosion resistance in a wide range of severe environments. The high nickel and molybdenum contents make the nickel steel alloy especially resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion in reducing environments while chromium conveys resistance to oxidizing media. The N10276 alloy also has good high temperature strength and moderate oxidation resistance although the alloy will eventually form embrittling high temperature precipitates. Although there are several variations, alloy C276 is the most widely used. * Chemical and petrochemical processing, pollution control, waste treatment, pulp and paper, sour gas applications (NACE MR0175), flue gas desulfurization (FGD).

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.7

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 575
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 619 – B/SB 626B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 622
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPHC22

VdTÜV
479

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 575
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:690
Yield Point min N/mm2:310
Elongation 2” min %:45
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:100
C % max:0.015
Mn % max:0.5
Si % max:0.08
P % max:0.02
S % max:0.02
Cr %:20 – 22.5
Ni %:Resto Balance
Mo %:12.5 – 14.5
Fe %:2 – 6
Cu % max:-
Al % max:2.5
Co % max:-
Other elements:W 2.5-3.5 / V 0.35

Properties and main applications

Similar to alloy C276, alloy C22 is a versatile austenitic nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy with enhanced resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. The high chromium content provides good resistance to oxidizing media, while the molybdenum and tungsten content give good resistance to reducing media. This nickel steel alloy also has excellent resistance to oxidizing aqueous media including wet chlorine and mixtures containing nitric acid or oxidizing acids with chlorine ions. Other corrosives alloy C22 has resistance to are oxidizing acid chlorides, wet chlorine, formic and acetic acids, ferric and cupric chlorides, sea water, brine and many mixed or contaminated chemical solutions, both organic and inorganic. This nickel alloy also offers optimum resistance to environments where reducing and oxidizing conditions are encountered in process streams. This is beneficial in multipurpose plants where such “upset” conditions occur frequently. Alloy C22 should not be used in service temperatures above approximately 680°C (1250° F) due to the formation of detrimental phases which form above this temperature. * Chemical and petrochemical processing, pollution control, waste treatment, pulp and paper, flue gas desulfurization (FGD), marine, power industries.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.5

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 575
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 619 – B/SB 626B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 622
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPHC2000

VdTÜV
539

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 575
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:690
Yield Point min N/mm2:310
Elongation 2” min %:45
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:100
C % max:0.01
Mn % max:0.5
Si % max:0.08
P % max:0.025
S % max:0.01
Cr %:22 – 24
Ni %:Resto Balance
Mo %:15 – 17
Fe %:3 max
Cu % max:1.3 – 1.9
Al % max:2
Co % max:0.5
Other elements:-

Properties and main applications

* Hastelloy C-2000 alloy, developed to optimize a material for broad applicability, began with the conceptual idea of adding copper to the well established nickel-chromiummolybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) family of alloys. This technical innovation not only offers increased resistance to aqueous corrosion but has succeeded in expanding the overall applicability for Ni-Cr-Mo family of alloys. The copper was found to provide enhanced temperature capability in sulphuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and dilute hydrochloric acid. * Chemical processing (reactors, heat exchangers, columns and piping), Pharmaceutical industry (reactors and dryers), flue gas desulfurization systems (FGD).

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.6

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 575
WELDED PIPES:B/SB 619
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 622
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPHC4

VdTÜV
424

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 575
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:690
Yield Point min N/mm2:276
Elongation 2” min %:40
Hardness max HB **:226
Hardness max HRB **:100
C % max:0.015
Mn % max:1
Si % max:0.08
P % max:0.04
S % max:0.03
Cr %:14 – 18
Ni %:Resto Balance
Mo %:14 – 17
Fe %:3 max
Cu % max:-
Al % max:2.0
Co % max:-
Other elements:Ti 0.7 max

Properties and main applications

* Alloy C4 is an austenitic low-carbon nickel-molybdenum alloy. The main difference between this and other alloys of similar composition developed earlier, is its reduced carbon, silicon, iron and tungsten contents. This composition shows greater stability during extended exposure to temperatures in the range 650-1040°C (1200-1900°F). As a result, resistance to intergranular corrosion is improved. It shows a very good resistance to a wide range of corrosive media (mineral acids, solvents, chlorine, formic and acetic acids, sea water and brine solutions), particularly under reducing conditions and excellent resistance to localized corrosion in halide media. * Inorganic chemistry, flue gas desulphurating plants, fertiliser industry, acetic acid, waste incineration plants, heat exchangers, pickling baths and acid regeneration, titanium dioxide production (chloride route), electrolytic galvanizing rolls.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.6

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 575
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 619 – B/SB 626
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 622
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WP5923

VdTÜV
505

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 575
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:690
Yield Point min N/mm2:310
Elongation 2” min %:45
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:100
C % max:0.01
Mn % max:0.5
Si % max:0.10
P % max:0.015
S % max:0.01
Cr %:22 – 24
Ni %:Resto Balance
Mo %:15 – 16.5
Fe %:1.5 max
Cu % max:0.5
Al % max:0.3
Co % max:0.1 – 0.4
Other elements:-

Properties and main applications

* Alloy 59 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with an extra low carbon and silicon content. It has an excellent corrosion resistance under oxidizing and reducing conditions, excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion and freedom from chloride-induced stresscorrosion cracking. It shows an excellent resistance to mineral acids, such as nitric, phosphoric, sulphuric and hydrochloric acids. * Chemical, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industry (processes involving chlorides, acetic and sulphuric acids), energy production and pollution control equipment, flue gas desulphurating plants (scrubbers, heat exchangers, dampers, wet fans and spraying systems), pulp and paper industry (digesters and bleaching plants).

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.3

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 435
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 619 – B/SB 626B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 622
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPHX

VdTÜV
622

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 435
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:655
Yield Point min N/mm2:240
Elongation 2” min %:35
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:-
C % max:0.05 – 0.15
Mn % max:1
Si % max:1.00
P % max:0.04
S % max:0.03
Cr %:20.5 – 23
Ni %:Resto Balance
Mo %:8 – 10
Fe %:17 – 20
Cu % max:-
Al % max:0.5 – 2.5
Co % max:-
Other elements:W 0.2-1.0

Properties and main applications

* Alloy X is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with cobalt and tungsten additions. It shows outstanding high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. It has good high temperature and stress rupture properties above approximately 790°C (1450°F) and can be used for applications up to approximately 1200°C (2200°F). This nickel steel alloy has also been found to be exceptionally resistant to stress-corrosion cracking in petrochemical applications. It also has good resistance to chloride stresscorrosion cracking and excellent resistance to reducing or carburizing atmospheres. * Industrial furnace applications (support rolls, grids and radiant tubes), chemical process industry (retorts, muffles, catalyst support grids, furnace baffles, tubing for pyrolysis operations), nuclear plants (heat exchangers for high temperature gas-cooled reactors).

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.7

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 582
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 619 – B/SB 626B 474
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 622
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPHG30

VdTÜV
–

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 582
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:586
Yield Point min N/mm2:241
Elongation 2” min %:30
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:-
C % max:0.03
Mn % max:1.5
Si % max:0.80
P % max:0.04
S % max:0.02
Cr %:28 – 31.5
Ni %:Resto Balance
Mo %:4 – 6
Fe %:13 – 17
Cu % max:1.0 – 2.4
Al % max:5
Co % max:-
Other elements:W 1.5-4 / Co+Ta 0.3-1.5

Properties and main applications

* A nickel-base alloy with superior corrosion resistance to phosphoric, sulfuric, nitric/hydrochloric, nitric/hydrofluoric acids and other complex environments containing highly oxidizing acids. * Phosphoric, sulfuric and nitric acid service, nuclear fuel and waste reprocessing, pickling operations, p e t r o c h e m i c a l s, fertilizer and pesticide manufacture, Gold extraction.

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8.2

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 575
TUBI SALDATI:B/SB 619 – B/SB 626
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 622
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPHG35

VdTÜV
–

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 575
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:586
Yield Point min N/mm2:241
Elongation 2” min %:30
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:100
C % max:0.050
Mn % max:0.5
Si % max:0.60
P % max:0.03
S % max:0.015
Cr %:32.25 – 34.25
Ni %:Resto Balance
Mo %:7.6 – 9
Fe %:2 max
Cu % max:0.30
Al % max:1
Co % max:0.40
Other elements:W 0.6 max / V 0.20max

Properties and main applications

* A nickel alloy with outstanding corrosion resistance to "wet process" phosphoric acid, other oxidizing acids, alkalis and chloride-bearing media. As a result of its high-chromium content, G-35 alloy is extremely resistant to other oxidizing acids, such as nitric and mixtures containing nitric acid. It possesses moderate resistance to reducing acids, as a result of its appreciable molybdenum content, and, unlike other nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys, it is very resistant to “caustic dealloying” in hot sodium hydroxide. Finally, G-35 alloy is much less susceptible to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking than the highchromium stainless steels and nickel-chromium-iron alloys traditionally used in “wet process” phosphoric acid. * “Wet process” phosphoric acid evaporators, pickling in nitric and hydrofluoric acids, chemical process industry systems involving nitric and chlorides, caustic neutralizing systems, systems requiring resistance to high temperature corrosion at approximately 430-650°C (800-1200°F).

Main reference standards

Density Kg/dm3:8

ASTM / ASME
PLATES:B/SB 409
WELDED PIPES:B/SB 514
SEAMLESS PIPES:B/SB 407
FITTINGS:B/SB 366 WPH120

VdTÜV
–

Mechanical and chemical characteristics

Reference:B/SB 409
Tensile Strength min N/mm2:621
Yield Point min N/mm2:276
Elongation 2” min %:30
Hardness max HB **:-
Hardness max HRB **:-
C % max:0.02-0.1
Mn % max:1.5
Si % max:1.00
P % max:0.040
S % max:0.03
Cr %:23 – 27
Ni %:35 – 39
Mo %:2.5 max
Fe %:Resto Balance
Cu % max:0.5
Al % max:3
Co % max:0.4
Other elements:Ti 0.2 max / W 2.5 max / Nb 0.4-0.9/N 0.15-0.30 / B 0.01 max

Properties and main applications

* A heat-resistant alloy that provides excellent strength at elevated temperature combined with very good resistance to carburizing and sulfidizing environments. Its oxidation resistance is comparable to other widely used Fe-Ni-Cr materials, such as alloys 330 and 800H, but its strength at temperatures up to 1095°C (2000°F) is significantly higher, even in comparison to Ni-Cr alloys. * Heat treating baskets,radiant tubes, muffles, retorts, heat recuperators, waste incinerators.